Add the lime wedges and sugar to a rocks glass. Muddle thoroughly to juice the limes and extract the oil from the lime peel.
Add rum and a few ice cubes to the glass. Stir to chill and serve.
Notes
Caipirinha history: The caipirinha is a Brazilian cocktail that is traditionally made with cachaça (a Brazilian liquor made from fermented sugar cane juice), fresh limes, and sugar. Cachaça has a more grassy, earthy flavor than white rum, which is what gives the caipirinha its signature flavor.We made a simple riff on this cocktail by swapping the cachaça with white rum so that anyone can make this drink at home without specialty ingredients! Note that it won't have quite the same flavor profile as a traditional caipirinha, but it's still a delicious yet more accessible version of the cocktail.Fresh limes and sugar: Muddling these together is crucial for emulating the flavors of a true caipirinha! You won't get the same results if you use lime juice and simple syrup, so don't try it.